In the UK school system, Critical Thinking is offered as a subject that 16- to 18-year-olds can take as an A- Level. Good teachers recognize this and therefore focus on the questions, readings, activities that stimulate the mind to take ownership of key concepts and principles underlying the subject. All students must do their own thinking, their own construction of knowledge. For students to learn content, intellectual engagement is crucial. The core concepts are always there, but they are embedded in subject-specific content. The key is that the teacher who fosters critical thinking fosters reflectiveness in students by asking questions that stimulate thinking essential to the construction of knowledge.Īs emphasized above, each discipline adapts its use of critical thinking concepts and principles (principles like in school). The tutor questions the students, often in a Socratic manner (see Socratic questioning). This process of intellectual engagement is at the heart of the Oxford, Durham, Cambridge and London School of Economics tutorials. Good teachers cultivate critical thinking (intellectually engaged thinking) at every stage of learning, including initial learning. The second occurs when learners effectively use those ideas, principles, and theories as they become relevant in learners' lives. The first occurs when learners (for the first time) construct in their minds the basic ideas, principles, and theories that are inherent in content. There are two meanings to the learning of this content. The key to seeing the significance of critical thinking in academics is in understanding the significance of critical thinking in learning. John Dewey is just one of many educational leaders who recognized that a curriculum aimed at building thinking skills would be a benefit not only to the individual learner, but to the community and to the entire democracy.
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